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Kansas Geological Survey, Current Research in Earth Sciences, Bulletin 244, part 1
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Appendix

Measured stratigraphic sections at localities in figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7.

Locality 1--W/2 SW sec. 15, T. 15 S., R. 34 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,020 ft (920 m). Units 12 to 16 are Marker Unit 16.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
33 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~100
32 Ferruginous seam 0.2
31 Yellow chalk 15
30 Ferruginous seam 0.2
29 Pale chalk 3.8
28 Ferruginous seam 0.3
27 Yellow chalk 12
26 Ferruginous seam 0.2
25 Yellow chalk 46
24 Massive white chalk--forms resistant ledge 15
23 Yellow chalk 56
22 Massive white chalk--forms slight ledge 16
21 Tan silty chalk seam 0.8
20 Massive white chalk 2
19 Yellow chalk 63.5
18 Ferruginous seam 0.8
17 Yellow chalk 56
16 Ferruginous seam 0.3
15 Yellow chalk 21.5
14 Ferruginous seam 0.2
13 Yellow chalk 7
12 Ferruginous seam 1.5
11 Yellow chalk 86
10 Ferruginous seam 0.3
9 Yellow chalk 76
8 Ferruginous seam--forms prominent reentrant 1.5
7 Yellow chalk 34
6 Ferruginous seam 0.2
5 Yellow chalk 213
4 Ferruginous seam 0.3
3 Yellow chalk 48
2 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.8
1 Massive yellow chalk 167
Total thickness of measured section: 1,045.4 cm

Locality 6--S/2 of line between sec. 17 and 18, T. 15 S., R. 34 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,010 ft (917 m). Units 1-2 are Marker Unit 15.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
21 Yellow chalk to top of outcrop 305
20 Bentonite 0.6
19 Massive chalk 51
18 Ferruginous seam--locally expanded to 2.5 cm by selenite 0.6
17 Yellow chalk 147
16 Gypsiferous seam--locally altered to selenite and may have local limonitic inclusions 3
15 Chalk 109
14 Bentonite unit--2.5 cm of orange to red-brown clay expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 12.7
13 Chalk 102
12 Bentonite 3.8
11 Chalk 29
10 Bentonite 3
9 Gray chalk 235
8 Ferruginous seam--locally expanded to 1 cm by selenite 0.1
7 Tan chalk 185
6 Gypsiferous seam 2
5 Tan chalk 14
4 Bentonite--locally expanded by selenite 2.5
3 Gray chalk 201
2 Bentonite unit--1 cm of white clay surrounded by iron oxide 3
1 Light-gray chalk 46
Total thickness of measured section: 1,455.3 cm

Locality 7--NW sec. 13, T. 15 S., R. 35 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,050 ft (930 m). Units 13-14 are part of Marker Unit 16.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
15 Yellow chalk to top of outcrop 30.5
14 Pale-cream-colored chalk--in fresh chalk it is an indistinct 2.5-cm seam of powdery gypsum 6.4
13 Yellow chalk 23
12 Unit--two ferruginous/gypsiferous seams separated by 0.8-cm gray chalk 1.4
11 Gray chalk 60
10 Ferruginous seam--locally produces large limonitic inclusions up to 6.5 cm thick 1.5
9 Gray chalk 100
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.8
7 Gray chalk 153
6 Bentonite 2.5
5 Gray chalk 114
4 Bentonite unit--6 cm of gray, yellow, and orange clay expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 12.7
3 Gray chalk 117
2 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.8
1 Gray chalk 61
Total thickness of measured section: 685.6 cm

Locality 8--Butte in NE SE sec. 11, T. 15 S., R. 34 W., Logan County, Kansas, on the north or up side of a fault. Base at 3,100 ft (945 m). Units 20-22 are Marker Unit 18.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
31 Yellow chalk to the top of the outcrop ~
30 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.2
29 Yellow chalk 21
28 Bentonite 6.4
27 Massive yellow chalk 119
26 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
25 Tan chalk 2.9
24 Seam 0.6
23 Yellow chalk 61
22 Bentonite unit--8.5 cm of silty chalk expanded by gypsum and iron oxide, forms a major reentrant 11.4
21 Chalk 61
20 Bentonite 6.4
19 Tan chalk 160
18 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
17 Massive gray chalk 132
16 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--crops out as selenite 2.5
15 Gray chalk 32
14 Bentonite 6.7
13 Gray chalk--forms a rounded cap on outcrop 109
12 Bentonite 4.4
11 Pale-tan chalk 28
10 Seam 0.6
9 Gray chalk 26
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.8
7 Gray chalk 21
6 Ferruginous seam 1.4
5 Gray chalk 23
4 Bentonite 4.4
3 Gray chalk 18
2 Ferruginous seam 2
1 Gray chalk 61
Total thickness of measured section: 931.7 cm

Locality 9--Small butte in NE NE sec. 5, T. 15 S., R. 35 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,090 ft (942 m). Units 1-2 are part of Marker Unit 18 and units 18-22 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
23 Yellow chalk to top of bluff ~
22 Bentonite 7
21 Yellow chalk 16.5
20 Ferruginous seam 0.6
19 Yellow chalk--a seam cropping out as selenite lies 44 cm above bottom 70
18 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 4.4
17 Tan chalk 2.5
16 Gypsiferous seam--with iron oxide film at bottom 1
15 Massive yellow chalk 71
14 Bentonite--crops out as a selenite 3.8
13 Massive yellow chalk 105
12 Ferruginous seam 0.5
11 Yellow chalk--a seam lies 21 cm above bottom 86
10 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--crops out as a selenite ledge 2.5
9 Yellow chalk 79
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
7 Yellow chalk 32
6 Bentonite unit--1.1 cm of waxy gray clay expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 5.1
5 Yellow chalk 142
4 Bentonite unit--1.2 cm of gray clay expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 2.5
3 Yellow chalk 76
2 Bentonite unit--gray, olive, and tan clays, expanded by iron oxide 14
1 Chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 841.9 cm

Locality 10--W/2 of line between sec. 6 and 7, T. 15 S., R. 35 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,150 ft (960 m). Units 20-22 are Marker Unit 18.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
23 Chalk to top of the outcrop ~
22 Bentonite unit--7.5 cm of gray clay, expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 10
21 Chalk 61
20 Bentonite unit--4.3 cm of red-brown clay between powdery gypsum 5.7
19 Gray chalk 178
18 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.2
17 Massive yellow chalk 85
16 Seam--crops out as selenite 2
15 Massive yellow chalk 55
14 Seam--crops out as selenite 2
13 Massive yellow chalk 14
12 Seam--crops out as selenite 2
11 Massive yellow chalk 36
10 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.8
9 Yellow chalk--a 1-cm gypsiferous seam lies 25 cm above the bottom 117
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.8
7 Gray chalk 32
6 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.4
5 Gray chalk 25
4 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
3 Gray chalk 23
2 Ferruginous seam 2
1 Gray chalk 30
Total thickness of measured section: 693.9 cm

Locality 13--North end of line between sec. 20 and 21, T. 13 S., R. 34 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,920 ft (890 m). Units 4-8 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
11 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
10 Seam 0.3
9 Yellow chalk 60
8 Bentonite 3.4
7 Yellow chalk 14
6 Seam 0.5
5 Yellow chalk 63.5
4 Unit--two ferruginous seams, the lower 0.2 cm and upper 0.5 cm thick, separated by chalk 2.2
3 Yellow chalk 58
2 Ferruginous seam 0.3
1 Yellow chalk 89
Total thickness of measured section: 291.2 cm

Locality 14--SE SW sec. 10, T. 1 S., R. 36 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,210 ft (979 m). Units 18-24 are Marker Unit 19 and units 4-6 are Marker Unit 18.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
25 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
24 Ferruginous seam 1
23 Yellow chalk 3.8
22 Ferruginous seam 1
21 Yellow chalk 20
20 Ferruginous seam 0.8
19 Yellow chalk 84
18 Ferruginous seam 0.5
17 Yellow chalk 81
16 Ferruginous seam 0.5
15 Yellow chalk 48
14 Ferruginous seam 0.5
13 Yellow chalk 277
12 Bentonite unit--4.4 cm of dark-gray to brown silty chalk that weathers shaly, expanded by gypsum and iron oxide, forms a reentrant 13
11 Gray chalk 170
10 Bentonite unit--1.7 cm of gray clay and flaky waxy gray material, expanded by gypsum, forms a reentrant 11
9 Gray chalk 86
8 Dark-gray seam 0.6
7 Chalk 3.8
6 Bentonite unit--10.2 cm of dark-gray to red-brown clay, expanded by gypsum, produces a major reentrant 11.4
5 Gray chalk 63.5
4 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.2
3 Gray chalk--a 10-cm-thick band of darker gray chalk lies 94 cm above bottom 190
2 Bentonite 2
1 Gray chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 1,163.6 cm

Locality 16--Small exposure just south of Twin Butte Creek on line between SE and SW sec. 33, T. 14 S., R. 35 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,040 ft (927 m).

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
11 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop 61
10 Bentonite unit--2 cm gray clay, expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 14
9 Yellow chalk 109
8 Seam--crops out as a selenite seam with a few limonitic inclusions 1
7 Yellow chalk 31
6 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--crops out as limonitic ledges 2
5 Yellow chalk 132
4 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.7
3 Yellow chalk 16.5
2 Darker gray chalk--weathers slightly shaly 37
1 Gray chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 496.2 cm

Locality 17--SW sec. 20, T. 14 S., R. 33 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,880 ft (878 m). Units 2-4 are Marker Unit 18.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
15 Chalk to top of the outcrop ~
14 Gypsiferous seam--with gray inclusions, crops out as selenite ledge 2.5
13 Yellow chalk 256
12 Gypsiferous seam--crops out as selenite ledge 3.8
11 Yellow chalk 22
10 Gypsiferous seam--crops out as selenite ledge 3.8
9 Yellow chalk 125
8 Bentonite 3.2
7 Chalk 5.1
6 Seam--produces a minor reentrant 0.2
5 Yellow chalk 61
4 Bentonite unit--8.9 cm of pale-gray clay expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 11.4
3 Yellow chalk 41
2 Bentonite unit--gray clay expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 6.7
1 Yellow chalk 122
Total thickness of measured section: 663.7 cm

Locality 18--Small outcrop south of Twin Butte Creek in E/2 SW sec. 13, T. 15 S., R. 34 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,950 ft (899 m). Unit 8 is Marker Unit 13. (Not illustrated.)

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
11 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
10 Seam--with a few limonitic inclusion 0.2
9 Yellow chalk--with a few limonitic inclusions, commonly around inoceramids 103
8 Unit--two ferruginous seams, the upper 0.4 cm and the lower 0.7 cm separated by chalk, produces a reentrant 5
7 Yellow chalk 184
6 Ferruginous seam--locally thickens to 1 cm or includes selenite, produces small limonitic inclusions 0.3
5 Yellow chalk--with numerous Inoceramus balticus shells 109
4 Ferruginous seam--produces many small limonitic inclusions 2
3 Yellow chalk 30.5
2 Seam--invisible in fresh chalk, but produces limonitic inclusions where weathered 0.0
1 Yellow chalk 152
Total thickness of measured section: 585.9 cm

Locality 19--Little Pyramids, at east end of line between sec. 11 and 14, T. 15 S., R. 33 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,780 ft (848 m). Units 8-9 are probably Marker Unit 9.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
12 Yellow chalk to the top of the outcrop 183
11 Seam--visible as a fine line on outcrop 0.0
10 Yellow chalk 170
9 Seam--crops out as a selenite seam with a few limonitic inclusions 0.4
8 Yellow chalk 71
7 Gray chalk 158
6 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1
5 Gray chalk 43
4 Bentonite 1
3 Gray chalk 31
2 Paler, poorly laminated band 10
1 Gray chalk 120
Total thickness of measured section: 788.4 cm

Locality 20--SE NE sec. 1, T. 15 S., R. 33 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,730 ft (832 m).

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
8 Gray chalk to top of the outcrop 305
7 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--produces limonitic inclusions 1
6 Gray chalk 47
5 Bentonite unit--0.4 cm of gray clay expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 1.3
4 Gray chalk 41
3 Harder, pale-gray band 7.6
2 Gray chalk 141
1 Ferruginous seam 1.5
Total thickness of measured section: 545.4 cm

Locality 21--East end of line between sec. 26 and 35, T. 14 S., R. 33 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,750 ft (838 m). Units 5-9 are Marker Unit 9.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
14 Yellow chalk to top of outcrop 610
13 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
12 Yellow chalk 46
11 Gypsiferous seam 2
10 Gray to yellow chalk 71
9 Selenite seam--between thin films of iron oxide 1.5
8 Gray chalk 51
7 Paler, poorly laminated chalk 13
6 Gray chalk 38
5 Bentonite unit--pale-gray clay expanded by iron oxide 1.3
4 Gray chalk 140
3 Bentonite 0.3
2 Gray chalk 41
1 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--produces limonitic inclusions 0.3
Total thickness of measured section: 1,018.4 cm

Locality 23--Tiny outcrop just north of road on W/2 of line between sec. 18 and 19, T. 13 S., R. 33 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,900 ft (884 m). Units 1-4 are part of Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
9 Massive yellow chalk to top of the outcrop 51
8 Ferruginous seam 0.5
7 Massive yellow chalk 48
6 Ferruginous seam 0.5
5 Massive yellow chalk 62
4 Unit--two 0.5-cm ferruginous seams separated by chalk 3.5
3 Massive yellow chalk 18
2 Seam 0.0
1 Massive yellow chalk 38
Total thickness of measured section: 221.5 cm

Locality 24--Six-Mile Creek just north of two small buttes in W/2 of NW sec. 23, T. 13 S., R. 34 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,940 ft (896 m). Units 1-4 are part of Marker Unit 17, units 26-28 are Marker Unit 18, and units 36-40 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
43 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
42 Ferruginous seam 0.5
41 Massive yellow chalk 66
40 Unit--two 0.5-cm iron oxide seams separated by chalk 3.8
39 Yellow massive chalk 18
38 Seam 0.4
37 Yellow massive chalk 68
36 Unit--two ferruginous seams, the upper 0.5 cm and the lower 0.3 cm, separated by chalk 2.5
35 Massive yellow chalk--seams lie at 79, 140, and 185 cm above the bottom 66
34 Seam 0.4
33 Massive yellow chalk 224
32 Ferruginous seam--produces a sharp reentrant 3.2
31 Yellow chalk 117
30 Seam 2
29 Yellow chalk 61
28 Bentonite unit--4 cm of tan clay and silty chalk, expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 12
27 Gray chalk 41
26 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 5.2
25 Gray chalk 94
24 Bentonite 2.9
23 Gray chalk 119
22 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 4.4
21 Gray chalk 58
20 Bentonite unit--crops out as two closely spaced limonitic ledges 4.1
19 Gray chalk 13
18 Seam 0.2
17 Gray chalk 13
16 Seam 0.2
15 Gray chalk 13
14 Seam 0.2
13 Gray chalk 14
12 Bentonite unit--4.2 cm of orange material, expanded by iron oxide 5.2
11 Gray chalk 15
10 Ferruginous seam 1
9 Gray chalk 25
8 Bentonite unit--3.5 cm of mixed yellow and gray clay, expanded by iron oxide 4.4
7 Gray chalk 36
6 Bentonite 2.5
5 Gray chalk 52
4 Ferruginous seam 0.5
3 Gray chalk 14
2 Bentonite 1.5
1 Gray chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 1,275.1 cm

Locality 26--Small area just west of road in NE SE sec. 20, T. 13 S., R. 35 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,930 ft (893 m). Units 2-10 are Marker Unit 17 and units 12-28 are Marker Unit H.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
31 Gray chalk 92
30 Tan clay seam--crops out as a 1.5-cm selenite ledge 0.5
29 Gray chalk 25
28 Bentonite 3.2
27 Gray chalk 93
26 Bentonite unit--0.9 cm of gray clay expanded by iron oxide 3.5
25 Gray chalk 28
24 Ferruginous seam 0.6
23 Gray chalk 23
22 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.5
21 Gray chalk 19
20 Ferruginous seam 0.6
19 Gray chalk 20
18 Bentonite unit--2.8 cm of orange clay expanded by iron oxide 4.4
17 Gray chalk 20
16 Bentonite 1.3
15 Gray chalk 37
14 Bentonite 3.8
13 Gray chalk 52
12 Bentonite 2
11 Gray chalk 69
10 Gypsiferous seam--locally may contain iron oxide 0.5
9 Gray chalk 19
8 Ferruginous seam--with a few limonitic inclusions 0.5
7 Gray chalk 27
6 Ferruginous seam--with limonitic inclusions 0.8
5 Gray chalk 6.4
4 Ferruginous seam--with limonitic inclusions 0.5
3 Gray chalk 22
2 Ferruginous seam 0.5
1 Gray chalk 122
Total thickness of measured section: 698.6 cm

Locality 27--W/2 of NW sec. 19, T. 13 S., R. 35 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 2,980 ft (909 m). Units 1-4 are part of Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
9 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop 46
8 Seam 0.5
7 Massive yellow chalk 41
6 Seam 0.5
5 Massive yellow chalk 53
4 Unit--two ferruginous seams, the upper 0.5 cm and the lower 0.3 cm thick, separated by chalk 3.3
3 Yellow chalk 15
2 Seam--crops out as a 1-cm-thick selenite ledge 0.5
1 Yellow chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 250.8 cm

Locality 28--Just south of K-25 on line between sec. 27 and 28, T.13 S., R.36 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,070 ft (936 m). Units 14-18 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
23 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop 91
22 Tan seam--crops out as selenite ledge 5 cm thick 1
21 Massive yellow chalk 43
20 Tan clay seam--crops out as selenite ledge 1
19 Yellow chalk 69
18 Dark-tan silty seam--crops out as selenite ledge 2.5 cm thick 1
17 Yellow chalk 16.5
16 Gypsiferous seam--crops out as selenite ledge 2.5 cm thick 0.8
15 Yellow chalk 75
14 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--crops out as thick selenite ledge 3.8
13 Yellow chalk 254
12 Selenite seam 2.5
11 Yellow chalk 79
10 Selenite seam 2.5
9 Chalk--bottom half gray and top half yellow 29
8 Bentonite unit--2.1 cm of pale-gray, silty clay, expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 7
7 Yellow and gray chalk 142
6 Gypsiferous seam 2.5
5 Chalk 4
4 Seam 0.5
3 Chalk 1.2
2 Seam 2
1 Gray and yellow chalk 31
Total thickness of measured section: 859.3 cm

Locality 29--Small outcrop on south side of the Smoky Hill River in N/2 SE sec. 24, T. 13 S., R. 37 W., Logan County, Kansas. Base at 3,050 ft (930 m). Units 10-14 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
17 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop 39
16 Ferruginous seam--crops out as selenite 1
15 Yellow chalk 80
14 Unit--two, 2-cm ferruginous seams separated by chalk 7
13 Gray chalk 22
12 Bentonite 2.9
11 Gray chalk 84
10 Unit--two, 1.5-cm ferruginous seams separated by chalk 5.1
9 Gray chalk 81
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam--crops out as a selenite ledge 2.5
7 Gray chalk 201
6 Seam--crops out as a 2-cm selenite ledge 0.5
5 Gray chalk 94
4 Ferruginous seam 0.8
3 Gray chalk 38
2 Bentonite unit--2.8 cm of orange clay expanded by iron oxide 3.8
1 Gray chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 753.6 cm

Locality 32--Monument Rocks. NW SW sec. 34, T. 15 S., R. 31 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,650 ft (808 m). Units 6-8 are Marker Unit 9.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
16 Chalk to top ~
15 Gray and tan chalk--with a few bands of paler, poorly laminated chalk 510
14 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.5
13 Gray chalk 46
12 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
11 Gray chalk--a paler band 10 cm thick lies 29 cm above bottom 72
10 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.4
9 Gray chalk 102
8 Bentonite unit--1.2 cm of gray clay, expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 2.6
7 Gray chalk--a paler, poorly laminated, 13-cm-thick chalk band lies 40 cm above the bottom 105
6 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
5 Gray chalk 144
4 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.7
3 Gray chalk 45
2 Gypsiferous seam--with 0.1-cm iron oxide in the middle 0.5
1 Gray chalk 52
Total thickness of measured section: 1,185.2 cm

Locality 33--Middle of NE sec. 24, T. 14 S., R. 31 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,820 ft (860 m). Unit 1 is part of Marker Unit 18 and units 17-19 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
20 Chalk to top of the outcrop ~
19 Unit--two ferruginous seams, the upper 0.8 cm and the lower 0.2 cm thick, separated by chalk, forms a reentrant 4.5
18 Yellow chalk 97
17 Ferruginous seam 0.5
16 Yellow chalk 75
15 Ferruginous seam 0.5
14 Yellow chalk 42
13 Ferruginous seam 0.5
12 Yellow chalk 135
11 Hard white chalk seam 0.5
10 Yellow chalk 81
9 Selenite seam 3
8 Yellow chalk 36
7 Bentonite 5.1
6 Yellow chalk 157
5 Seam--crops out as selenite 1.5
4 Yellow chalk 9
3 Seam--crops out as selenite 0.4
2 Yellow chalk 76
1 Bentonite unit--12 cm of mixed tan, gray, and very pale gray clays, expanded by iron oxide 13
Total thickness of measured section: 737.5 cm

Locality 35--Steep south-facing cliff in SW SE sec. 20, T. 14 S., R. 30 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,810 ft (857 m). Units 3-19 are Marker Unit H, units 23-25 are Marker Unit 18, and units 42-45 are Marker Unit 19.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
52 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
51 Unit--two ferruginous seams, the upper 2.5 cm and the lower 0.5 cm, separated by chalk 5.6
50 Massive yellow chalk 71
49 Seam 0.1
48 Massive yellow chalk 53
47 Seam 0.1
46 Massive yellow chalk 71
45 Unit--two seams, the upper tan clay 0.7 cm and the lower 0.3 thick, separated by chalk, produces a reentrant 4.8
44 Yellow chalk 24
43 Seam 0.0
42 Yellow chalk 80
41 White chalk seam 2
40 Yellow chalk 72
39 Seam 0.1
38 Yellow chalk 46
37 Gypsiferous seam 0.2
36 Yellow chalk--a seam lies 76 cm above the bottom 130
35 Seam 0.1
34 Massive yellow chalk 78
33 Ferruginous seam 0.5
32 Massive yellow chalk 37
31 Dark-brown clay seam--produces a reentrant 5.1
30 Massive yellow chalk 173
29 Ferruginous seam 2
28 Massive yellow chalk 7
27 Seam 0.1
26 Massive yellow chalk 75
25 Tan clay seam--produces a reentrant 11
24 Yellow chalk 49
23 Tan clay seam 6.4
22 Yellow chalk--weathers orange 165
21 Bentonite unit--2 cm of gray clay, expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 3.6
20 Massive yellow chalk--a 0.8-cm ferruginous seam lies 108 cm above the bottom 182
19 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 4.9
18 Yellow chalk 98
17 Bentonite unit--1.5 cm of gray clay expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 4.2
16 Yellow chalk 24
15 Bentonite unit--0.5 cm of gray clay expanded by gypsum 3.5
14 Yellow chalk 20
13 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.2
12 Yellow chalk 19
11 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
10 Yellow chalk 25
9 Bentonite unit--2 cm of pale-gray clay expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 6
8 Yellow chalk 18
7 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3
6 Yellow chalk 38
5 Bentonite 2.8
4 Yellow chalk 47
3 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
2 Yellow chalk 10
1 Ferruginous seam 0.6
Total thickness of measured section: 1,686.4 cm

Locality 37--Outcrop north of and higher than Monument Rocks in NW SE sec. 28, T. 14 S., R. 31 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,710 ft (826 m). Units 13-23 are Marker Unit 17.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
34 Massive yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~100
33 Seam 0.5
32 Massive yellow chalk--seams lie at 10, 36, and 52 cm above the bottom 78
31 Unit--two, 1-cm ferruginous/gypsiferous seams separated by chalk, forms a reentrant 6
30 Massive yellow chalk 119
29 Unit--two, 2.5-cm, brown, silty seams separated by soft dark-tan chalk, produces a reentrant 7.5
28 Massive yellow chalk 100
27 Selenite seam 2.9
26 Massive yellow chalk 57
25 Selenite seam 2.9
24 Massive yellow chalk 47
23 Seam 0.4
22 Massive yellow chalk 25
21 Seam 0.4
20 Massive yellow chalk 37
19 Seam 0.4
18 Massive yellow chalk 6
17 Seam 0.4
16 Massive yellow chalk 18
15 Seam 0.4
14 Massive yellow chalk 23
13 Gypsiferous seam--with iron oxide films at top and bottom 0.5
12 Massive yellow chalk 28
11 Seam--invisible in fresh chalk, crops out as a selenite ledge 0.0
10 Massive yellow chalk--a 0.5-cm seam lies 41 cm above the bottom 140
9 Bentonite unit--4.9 cm of brown clay expanded by selenite 10
8 Yellow chalk 66
7 Bentonite 1.8
6 Yellow chalk 52
5 Bentonite 3
4 Yellow chalk 275
3 Gray chalk 180
2 Selenite seam 2
1 Gray chalk 25
Total thickness of measured section: 1,315.1

Locality 38--Small bluff in W/2 NW sec. 6, T. 15 S., R. 29 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,660 ft (811 m).

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
13 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~300
12 Seam 0.1
11 Massive yellow chalk 23
10 Seam 0.1
9 Massive yellow chalk 38
8 Seam 0.4
7 Yellow chalk--has lots of Pseudoperna 46
6 Soft reddish band--forms a reentrant 7.6
5 Yellow chalk--has lots of Pseudoperna 81
4 Ferruginous seam 1
3 Yellow chalk--has lots of Pseudoperna 83
2 Ferruginous seam 0.5
1 Yellow chalk 108
Total thickness of measured section: 688.7 cm

Locality 42--Small butte in SW NW sec. 35, T. 13 S., R. 30 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,770 ft (845 m). Units 15-21 are Marker Unit 16 and units 42-49 are Marker Unit 17.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
50 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
49 Seam 0.4
48 Yellow chalk 28
47 Seam 0.4
46 Yellow chalk 25
45 Seam 0.4
44 Yellow chalk 10
43 Seam 0.4
42 Yellow chalk 31
41 Seam 0.4
40 Yellow chalk 85
39 Ferruginous seam--produces a 8.9-cm reentrant 2.5
38 Yellow chalk 78
37 Seam 0.5
36 Yellow chalk 47
35 Seam 0.4
34 Yellow chalk 25
33 Seam 0.4
32 Yellow chalk 57
31 Unit--two, 0.3-cm ferruginous seams separated by 11.4 cm of chalk--4 cm above the lower seam is a faint ferruginous seam 12
30 Yellow chalk--the upper part is tinged with red 90
29 Ferruginous seam 0.1
28 Yellow chalk 97
27 Ferruginous/selenitic seam--produces a reentrant 0.3
26 Yellow chalk 55
25 Ferruginous seam--produces a reentrant 0.7
24 Yellow chalk 7.6
23 Seam 0.4
22 Yellow chalk 20
21 Seam 0.4
20 Yellow chalk 35
19 Seam 0.4
18 Yellow chalk 17
17 Seam 0.4
16 Yellow chalk 9
15 Ferruginous clay seam 2
14 Yellow chalk 141
13 Ferruginous clay seam--produces a reentrant 1
12 Yellow chalk 32
11 Ferruginous seam 0.5
10 Yellow chalk 9.5
9 Ferruginous seam 0.1
8 Yellow chalk 60
7 Ferruginous seam 0.1
6 Yellow chalk 77
5 Ferruginous seam 0.1
4 Yellow chalk 61
3 Clay seam 1.5
2 Yellow chalk 86
1 Ferruginous seam 0.2
Total thickness of measured section: 1,209.1 cm

Locality 44--Small outcrop in NW SW sec. 32, T. 12 S., R. 28 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,640 ft (805 m). Units 1-11 are part of Marker Unit H.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
18 Massive yellow chalk to the top of the outcrop 240
17 Clay seam 1.5
16 Massive yellow chalk 85
15 Soft orange chalk 219
14 Massive yellow chalk--forms ledge 69
13 Ferruginous seam 0.1
12 Yellow massive chalk 97
11 Seam--locally selenitic 0.3
10 Yellow chalk 89
9 Clay seam--crops out as ferruginous ledge 4.4
8 Yellow chalk 17
7 Bentonite 3.7
6 Yellow chalk 22
5 Ferruginous seam 0.5
4 Yellow chalk 18
3 Ferruginous seam 0.5
2 Yellow chalk 20
1 Bentonite unit--0.6 cm of gray clay, expanded by iron oxide 4.1
Total thickness of measured section: 891.1 cm

Locality 45--West side of small butte at the end of long bluff, in S/2 SE sec. 15, T. 13 S., R. 28 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,600 ft (793 m). Units 8-12 are Marker Unit 16, units 18-22 are Marker Unit 17, and units 24-28 are Marker Unit H.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
39 Massive yellow chalk to the top of the outcrop 668
38 Bentonite unit--1.4 cm of gray clay, expanded by gypsum and iron oxide, crops out as two selenitic seams in a reentrant 5.1
37 Yellow chalk 41
36 Gypsiferous seam 2
35 Yellow chalk 26
34 Bentonite 3.5
33 Yellow chalk 27
32 Bentonite unit--1.4 cm of brownish-tan clay, expanded by gypsum and iron oxide 2.5
31 Yellow chalk 30
30 Bentonite 6
29 Yellow chalk--the top 6 cm are silty and soft 28
28 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
27 Yellow chalk--the bottom half is granular, paler, and forms a rounded resistant ledge 53
26 Bentonite unit--2.6 cm of pale gray clay, expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 3.5
25 Gray and yellow chalk 66
24 Bentonite 3.8
23 Gray chalk 100
22 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
21 Gray chalk 20
20 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
19 Gray chalk 38
18 Bentonite 2.5
17 Gray chalk 296
16 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
15 Chalk 24
14 Gypsiferous seam--crops out as a selenite ledge 1.5
13 Yellow chalk 41
12 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.5
11 Tan chalk 23
10 Bentonite 2.5
9 Chalk 7
8 Bentonite unit--1 cm of gray-green clay, expanded by iron oxide and gypsum 5.1
7 Gray chalk 83
6 Gypsiferous seam 2
5 Gray chalk 57
4 Bentonite 4.4
3 Gray chalk 23
2 Gypsiferous seam 2
1 Gray chalk 122
Total thickness of measured section: 1,831.4 cm

Locality 47--Outcrop near bottom of draw in NE SW sec. 11, T. 13 S., R. 29 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,660 ft (811 m). Units 1-8 are Marker Unit 17 and units 18-30 are Marker Unit H.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
40 Massive yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~
39 Seam 0.1
38 Yellow chalk 56
37 Seam 0.1
36 Yellow chalk 11
35 Seam 0.1
34 Yellow chalk 31
33 Soft tan chalk--forms a reentrant 5.1
32 Ferruginous seam 0.5
31 Yellow chalk 91
30 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
29 Yellow chalk 50
28 Seam 2.5
27 Yellow chalk 21
26 Seam 2.5
25 Yellow chalk 20
24 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 7
23 Yellow chalk 41
22 Ferruginous seam--locally expanded to 3.8 cm 0.5
21 Yellow chalk--a 1-cm gypsiferous seam lies 12.7 cm down from the top 44.5
20 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 8.9
19 Gray and yellow chalk 75
18 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3
17 Yellow chalk 13
16 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3
15 Gray to yellow chalk 137
14 Gypsiferous seam 0.6
13 Gray chalk 9
12 Gypsiferous seam 0.6
11 Gray chalk 97
10 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
9 Yellow chalk 16.5
8 Ferruginous/selenitic seam 1.2
7 Yellow chalk 29
6 Ferruginous/selenitic seam 1.2
5 Chalk 18
4 Gypsiferous seam 0.6
3 Chalk 7
2 Ferruginous seam 0.5
1 Gray chalk 30.5
Total thickness of measured section: 1,115 cm

Locality 51--N/2 SE sec. 13, T. 13 S., R. 30 W., Gove County, Kansas. Base at 2,740 ft (835 m). Units 2-14 are Marker Unit H.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
17 Yellow chalk to top of the outcrop ~200
16 Reddish-tan clay seam 1.9
15 Yellow chalk 107
14 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 5
13 Yellow chalk 30
12 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1
11 Yellow chalk 24
10 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
9 Yellow chalk 22
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.2
7 Yellow chalk 25
6 Bentonite unit--4.4 cm of orange clay expanded by gypsum, produces a major reentrant 7
5 Chalk 24
4 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.9
3 Chalk 56
2 Gypsiferous seam 1
1 Gray chalk ~
Total thickness of measured section: 510.5 cm

Locality 54--Small exposure just south of the road in NE SW sec. 22, T. 8 S., R. 24 W., Graham County, Kansas. Base at 2,250 ft (686 m). Units 4-10 are Marker Unit 17 and units 14-28 are Marker Unit H.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
39 Massive yellow chalk to top of the outcrop 51
38 Ferruginous seam 0.3
37 Massive yellow chalk 27
36 Ferruginous seam 0.1
35 Massive yellow chalk 29
34 Ferruginous seam 0.1
33 Massive yellow chalk 11
32 Ferruginous seam 0.1
31 Yellow chalk 32
30 Bentonite 2.9
29 Yellow chalk--a 0.1-cm ferruginous seam lies 41 cm above the bottom 92
28 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 3.4
27 Yellow chalk--bottom 10 cm is softer and produces a reentrant 31
26 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1
25 Yellow chalk 22
24 Tan ferruginous seam 0.6
23 Yellow chalk 22
22 Grayish-tan clay seam 1.5
21 Yellow chalk 22
20 Bentonite 3.9
19 Yellow chalk 18
18 Reddish-tan clay seam 2
17 Yellow chalk 36
16 Reddish-tan clay seam 2.5
15 Yellow chalk 56
14 Bentonite 2.9
13 Yellow chalk 10
12 Bentonite 1.5
11 Gray chalk 77
10 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
9 Gray chalk 18
8 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2
7 Gray chalk 24
6 Unit--two ferruginous/gypsiferous seams, the upper 1 cm and the lower 1.6 cm thick, separated by chalk 4.6
5 Gray chalk 24
4 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.6
3 Gray chalk 128
2 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 0.5
1 Gray chalk 122
Total thickness of measured section: 884.5 cm

Locality 55--Small outcrop on east side of small draw in N/2 SW sec. 13, T. 8 S., R. 24 W., Graham County, Kansas. Base at 2,240 ft (683 m). Units 17-19 are Marker Unit 18.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
30 Yellow chalk 114
29 Seam 0.4
28 Yellow chalk 62
27 Ferruginous seam 0.4
26 Massive yellow chalk 28
25 Ferruginous seam 1.5
24 Massive yellow chalk 132
23 Pale-gray clay seam 2
22 Yellow chalk 5.6
21 Ferruginous seam 0.2
20 Yellow chalk 63
19 Bentonite 10
18 Yellow chalk 52
17 Bentonite 5.7
16 Yellow chalk--a 0.2-cm ferruginous seam lies in the middle 109
15 White chalk seam 0.2
14 Yellow chalk 36
13 Dark-tan clay seam 2
12 Soft yellow chalk 150
11 Massive yellow chalk--forms a resistant ledge 23
10 Ferruginous seam 0.2
9 Massive yellow chalk 28
8 Seam 0.1
7 Massive yellow chalk 26
6 Seam 0.1
5 Massive yellow chalk 10
4 Seam 0.1
3 Massive yellow chalk 33
2 Ferruginous seam 2
1 Yellow chalk 91
Total thickness of measured section: 935.5 cm

Locality 60--Just north of road and west of oil well at center of line between sec. 6 and 7, T. 8 S., R. 23 W., Graham County, Kansas. Base at 2,250 ft (686 m). Units 13-17 are Marker Unit 16.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
45 Indistinct ferruginous seam 1
44 Yellow chalk 34
43 Bentonite 1.9
42 Yellow chalk 35
41 Bentonite 2
40 Yellow chalk 9.5
39 Soft tan clay seam 0.3
38 Yellow chalk 16.5
37 Seam 0.0
36 Yellow chalk 36
35 Ferruginous seam 0.3
34 Yellow chalk 13.3
33 Ferruginous seam 0.4
32 Yellow chalk 11.4
31 Bentonite 2.2
30 Yellow chalk 14
29 Ferruginous seam 0.1
28 Yellow chalk 4.4
27 Ferruginous seam 0.5
26 Yellow chalk 104
25 Ferruginous seam 0.1
24 Pale-yellow chalk 3.5
23 Ferruginous seam 0.3
22 Yellow chalk 56
21 Bentonite 2.5
20 Yellow chalk 23
19 Red-tan clay seam 0.7
18 Yellow chalk 37
17 Ferruginous seam 0.6
16 Yellow chalk 20
15 Ferruginous seam 0.5
14 Yellow chalk 6.7
13 Bentonite 2
12 Yellow chalk 81
11 Seam 0.1
10 Yellow chalk 69
9 Bentonite 2.9
8 Yellow chalk 31
7 Ferruginous seam 0.2
6 Yellow chalk 24
5 Ferruginous seam 0.1
4 Gray chalk 342
3 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.2
2 Gray chalk 84
1 Bentonite 5.1
Total thickness of measured section: 1,080.3 cm

Locality 64--SW sec. 21, T. 8 S., R. 24 W., Graham County, Kansas. Base at 2,280 ft (695 m). Units 3-9 are Marker Unit 20. (Not illustrated.)

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
14 Chalk to top of the outcrop ~
13 Seam 0.5
12 Yellow chalk 16.5
11 Ferruginous seam 0.1
10 Massive yellow chalk 145
9 Ferruginous seam 0.5
8 Massive yellow chalk 28
7 Ferruginous seam 0.5
6 Massive yellow chalk 47
5 Bentonite unit--waxy tan clay between films of iron oxide 1.5
4 Yellow chalk 1.5
3 Ferruginous seam 1.5
2 Yellow chalk 67
1 Ferruginous seam 0.5
Total thickness of measured section: 310.1 cm

Locality 72--West side of drainage in NW SW sec. 24, T. 14 S., R. 31 W., Gove County. Base at 2,740 ft (835 m). Units 4-5 are Marker Unit 15.

Unit Description Thickness
(cm)
18 Resistant yellow chalk--forms a cap on outcrop 100
17 Ferruginous seam--in 25-cm reentrant 0.2
16 Massive yellow chalk 120
15 Soft yellow chalk--forms a reentrant 6.5
14 Massive yellow chalk--a 0.2-cm ferruginous seam lies 90 cm above the bottom 132
13 Bentonite unit--2.5 cm of gray clay expanded by iron oxide 6
12 Yellow chalk--a seam lies 89 cm above the bottom 183
11 Bentonite 2.5
10 Yellow chalk 242
9 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 1.8
8 Yellow chalk 12.5
7 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
6 Gray chalk 155
5 Bentonite 2.5
4 Paler granular chalk--a seam lies 34 cm above the bottom 54
3 Gray chalk 500
2 Ferruginous/gypsiferous seam 2.5
1 Gray chalk 100
Total thickness of measured section: 1,623.0 cm

Prev Page--References

Kansas Geological Survey
Web version September 28, 2000
http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Current/2000/bennett/bennett8.html
email:webadmin@kgs.ku.edu