KGS--Pawnee and Edwards Counties--Well Logs

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Well Logs

Listed in the following pages are the logs of 144 wells and test holes in Pawnee and Edwards Counties, including 133 test holes drilled by the State Geological Survey of Kansas. The numbers of the logs correspond to the numbers used in the diagrammatic cross section (Pl. 3).

Logs entitled "sample log" are those for which the well cuttings were collected and studied. A "driller's log" is a written log obtained from a driller or from some other source.

T. 20 S. || T. 21 S. || T. 22 S. || T. 23 S. || T. 24 S. || T. 25 S. || T. 26 and 27 S.

46. Sample log of test hole at the SW cor. sec. 4, T. 22 S., R. 16 W. Surface altitude, 2,000.3 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Dune sand (Pleistocene and Recent)
		Sand, fine to medium; contains silt; tan to gray	2	2
	Meade formation (Pleistocene)
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains medium to coarse sand and silt	18	20
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse sand, silt, and tan and white caliche	30	50
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to medium gravel,	14	64
		Clay, silty, tan; contains fine to coarse sand and gravel, with fragments of tan and white caliche	9	73
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains gray and tan caliche with limonitic stains	12	85
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains sand and silty clay; gray to tan	16	101
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Sandstone, fine to medium, brown with yellow stains	19	120

47. Sample log of test hole in the NE NE sec. 5, T. 22 S., R. 16 W. Surface altitude, 1,999.6 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, dark gray	3	3
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Silt, tan and gray; contains fine to medium sand	3	6
		Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine gravel	4	10
		Gravel, fine to coarse; contains coarse sand	15	25
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, gray, mottled red	10	35

48. Sample log of test hole at the SW cor. sec. 9, T. 22 S., R. 16 W. Surface altitude, 2,010.4 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Meade formation
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse gravel and white caliche	19	19
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse sand and tan silt	11	30
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to medium gravel	19	49
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, tan and buff, mottled red	8	57

49. Sample log of test hole at the NW cor. sec. 21, T. 22 S., R. 16 W. Surface altitude, 2,03113 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, dark gray	3	3
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Meade formation
		Clay, silty, light gray; contains very fine sand	5	8
		Sand, very fine to coarse; contains tan silt	14	22
		Silt, tan; contains fine to coarse sand and white caliche,	4	26
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine gravel	4	30
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse gravel and white and tan caliche	31	61
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine gravel	6	67
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains fine to coarse sand	13	80
		Clay, silty, tan and gray	8	88
		Clay, silty, tan; contains fine to coarse sand and white caliche	2	90
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Sandstone, fine to medium, tan and brown, with yellow stains	10	100

50. Sample log of test hole at the NW cor. sec. 33, T. 22 S., R. 16 W. Surface altitude, 2,041.2 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Meade formation
		Sand, fine to coarse; contains tan silt	2	2
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains fine to medium sand,	6	8
		Silt, greenish gray; contains fine to medium sand	5	13
		Silt, tan with yellow stains; contains fine sand	8	21
		Gravel, fine to medium; contains fine to coarse sand; tan	5	26
		Sand, very fine to fine; contains tan silt	2	28
		Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine gravel and tan and white caliche	12	40
		Sand, fine to coarse, yellow tan; contains limonitic cemented zones	12	52
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse gravel and tan and white caliche	38	90
		Clay, silty, gray and tan with yellow limonitic stains; contains fine to medium sand and white caliche	23	113
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to medium gravel	17	130
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan and gray; contains fine to coarse gravel, tan and white caliche, and gray silt	20	150
		Sand, very fine to coarse, tan; contains tan and white caliche and fine gravel	20	170
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse sand, tan caliche, and silt	17	187
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, bluish gray; contains blue shale, fine to medium sand, black carbonaceous material, and pyrite,	13	200

51. Sample log of test hole at the NW cor. sec. 7, T. 22 S., R. 17 W. Surface altitude, 2,039.6 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2.5	2.5
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains fine to medium sand,	15.5	18
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains silt and clay	22	40
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to medium gravel, white caliche, and fragments of white shells	14	54
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains fine to coarse sand and fine gravel	12	66
		Clay, silty, brown and gray	1	67
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains fine to medium sand,	3	70
		Sand, fine to medium, tan; contains silt	8	78
		Gravel, fine to coarse; contains fine to coarse sand, caliche, and silt; tan and gray	18	96
		Clay, silty, buff; contains fine to medium sand, and coarse gravel	12	108
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan; contains fine to coarse sand, caliche, and silt	19	127
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Sandstone, fine to coarse, brown and tan; contains yellow and tan silty clay	13	140

52. Sample log of test hole at the SW cor. sec. 7, T. 22 S., R. 17 W. Surface altitude, 2,040.0 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Clay, silty, tan; contains fine sand	12	14
		Clay, silty, light gray and dark gray	2	16
		Clay, silty, tan; contains fine to medium sand	2	18
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan, interbedded with tan silty clay,	7	25
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains silt	5	30
		Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine gravel; tan and gray,	9	39
		Silt, brown; contains fine to medium sand	5	44
		Silt, grayish tan; contains fine to medium sand	3	47
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan; contains tan and gray fine gravel	14	61
		Silt, tan; contains fine to medium sand, caliche, and fragments of shells	9	70
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan and gray; contains fine to coarse sand and caliche	11	81
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, light gray with red stains	9	90

53. Sample log of test hole at the NW cor. sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 17 W. Surface altitude, 2,069.4 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Silt, tan and brown	6	8
		Silt, tan and buff; contains clay and nodular white caliche	42	50
		Silt, tan; contains white caliche and fine to medium sand	7	57
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, tan and gray, mottled red	3	60

54. Sample log of lest hole at the NW cor. sec. 30, T. 22 S., R. 17 W. Surface altitude, 2,097.0 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	3	3
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, brown and tan	6	9
		Clay, silty, brown, tan, and white, contains caliche and fragments of brawn ironstone	3	12
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, tan, white, and yellow; contains very fine-grained sandstone	3	15

55. Sample log of test hole at the SW cor. sec. 31, T. 22 S., R. 17 W. Surface altitude, 2,074.8 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Clay, silty, tan and gray; contains fine to medium sand,	6	8
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan and gray; contains coarse tan sand	12	20
		No sample recovered. Drilling speed indicated coarse sand and gravel	5	25
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Sandstone, fine, yellow and tan, interbedded with tan and yellow clay	5	30

56. Sample log of test hole at the NE cor. sec. 7, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Surface altitude, 2,053.4 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	4	4
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Clay, silty, dark gray to tan	7	11
		Clay, silty, tan to brown; contains tan fine to medium sand	19	30
		Clay, silty; contains very fine-grained sand; buff and tan,	7	37
		Gravel, fine to coarse; contains fine to coarse sand, and tan and gray silt	16	53
		Clay, silty, buff; contains fine to coarse sand, and white caliche	7	60
		Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine gravel and silt; tan	4	64
		Clay, silty, dark gray	6	70
		Sand, fine to coarse, tan to brown	6	76
		Clay, silty, light gray to dark gray; contains fine to medium sand	6	82
		Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine to medium gravel; tan	11	93
		Gravel, fine to coarse, tan and brown; contains fine to coarse sand and fragments of limonitic-stained ironstone and white caliche	16	109
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, yellow tan, light gray, and buff	4	113

57. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 7, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Surface altitude, 2,068.0 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Silt, light brown	3	5
		Clay, silty, tan and buff	15	20
		Clay, silty, brown and tan	12	32
		Clay, silty, tan and buff	31	63
		Gravel, fine to coarse; contains coarse sand and silt; tan and gray	8	71
		Clay, silty, light brown	11	82
		Clay, silty, tan; contains fine to coarse fragments of ironstone and white caliche	8	90
		Clay, silty, mottled red and tan	6	96
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, light gray, tan, and yellow	4	100

58. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Surface altitude, 2,086.4 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, silty, brown	2.5	2.5
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty; contains fine sand; brown	7.5	10
		Clay, silty; contains caliche; buff	36	46
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Sandstone, fine to medium, brown and tan; contains fragments of yellow and brown silty clay	4	50

59. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Surface altitude, 2,098.2 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, silty, gray	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Silt, brown	2	4
		Clay, silty, brown to tan; contains white caliche	6	10
		Clay, silty, buff	10	20
		Clay, silty, buff to tan; contains small fragments of caliche	10	30
		Clay, silty, tan to buff; contains medium to coarse tan and gray gravels	5	35
		Gravel, fine to coarse; contains silt; tan	1	36
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, tan and yellow	2	38

60. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 25, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Surface altitude, 2,090.9 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, gray	7	9
		Clay, silty, tan to buff; contains white caliche	19	28
		Clay, silty, tan to buff; contains white caliche and fine to coarse sand	13	41
		Clay, silty, pale yellow and white; contains soft lime-cemented zones	1	42
		Gravel, fine to medium; contains fine to coarse sand and fragments of brown ironstone	1.5	43.5
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, mottled yellow and tan	6.5	50

61. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 31, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Surface altitude, 2,147.8 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, buff to tan; contains white and tan caliche	11	13
Cretaceous--Gulfian and Comanchean
	Dakota formation (Gulfian)
		Sandstone, fine to medium, yellow and tan	6	19
		Clay, silty, mottled tan and yellow	10	29
		Sandstone, fine, calcareous, tan and yellow	0.5	29.5
		Clay, silty, mottled tan and reddish brown	15.5	45
		Clay, silty, mottled red and tan	15	60
		Clay, silty, gray, purple, and tan	7	67
		Clay, silty, gray; contains fragments of coal	8	75
		Clay, silty, yellow and gray	2	77
		Sandstone, fine, brown; contains yellow and gray silty clay and fragments of ironstone	8	85
		Clay, silty, gray, buff, and red	5	90
		Clay, silty, gray and buff	6.5	96.5
		Sandstone, fine, gray	11.5	108
		Clay, silty, gray, yellow, and red	14.5	122.5
		Clay, silty, gray, yellow, and orange	2.5	125
		Clay, silty, gray, tan, and red	17	142
		Clay, silty, gray, tan, yellow, and red; contains fragments of ironstone	15	157
		Clay, silty, gray, tan, and yellow	0.5	157.5
		Clay, silty, gray and yellow; contains fragments of fine brown sandstone	11.5	169
		Clay, gray; contains fragments of brown and white fine sandstone having limonitic stains	7	176
		Clay, silty, gray, tan, and orange; contains fragments of coal	8	184
		Clay, gray, tan, and orange	5	189
		Clay, white, gray, and mottled red and tan	7	196
	Kiowa shale (Comanchean)
		Shale, dark gray	3.5	199.5
		Clay, mottled yellow and gray	6.5	206
		Clay, gray and tan	8	214
		Sandstone, fine, tan and gray, having red stains	5	219
		Clay and shale; gray with red stains	9	228
		Sandstone, fine, tan, and gray; contains red oxidized fragments of ironstone and fragments of brown carbonaceous material	8	236
		Sandstone, fine, tan and gray; contains interbedded tan clay	14	250
		Sandstone, fine, buff and gray; contains fragments of carbon	16	266
		Sandstone, fine, dark gray; contains buff clay	9	275
		Clay, gray	7	282
		Clay, gray to bluish gray	2.5	284.5
		Shale and clay, tan and gray	5.5	290
		Shale, gray; contains interbedded tan clay	6	296
		Shale, gray and tan	2	298
		Shale, tan and gray; contains fragments of carbon	6	304
		Shale, gray; contains interbedded tan clay having red stains	16	320
		Shale, gray; contains interbedded fine tan sandstone,	10	330
		Shale, gray; contains fragments of carbon	16	346
		Shale, bluish gray	10	356
		Shale, gray; contains interbedded tan clay and sandstone having red stains	15	371
		Shale, dark gray	3	374
		Shale, dark gray; contains interbedded tan sandstone and fragments of pyrite	31	405
	Cheyenne sandstone (Comanchean)
		Shale, gray; contains interbedded tan sandstone	14	419
		Shale, gray to grayish green; contains interbedded tan and white sandstone	10	429
Permian
	Redbeds (Undifferentiated)
		Shale, gray and tan; contains interbedded sandstone	6	435
		Shale, gray; contains interbedded brown sandstone	15	450
		Shale, reddish tan, sandy	5	455

62. Sample log of test hole at the SW cor. sec. 4, T. 22 S., R. 19 W. Surface altitude, 2,094.0 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, silty, brown	3	3
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, brown to tan	4	7
		Clay, silty, brown	6	13
		Clay, silty, tan	17	30
		Clay, silty; contains tan caliche	10	40
		Clay, silty, buff	10	50
		Clay, silty; contains limonitic oxidized fragments of ironstone; buff	8	58
		Clay, silty, brown to tan	15	73
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, bluish gray to tan, having red limonitic stains	4	77

63. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 19 W. Surface altitude, 2,098.2 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, silty, brown	4	4
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty; contains a few small fragments of shells; tan	4	8
		Clay, silty; tan	22	30
		Clay, silty, light brown to tan	10	40
		Clay, silty, tan, mottled red	7	47
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, light greenish gray, mottled red and yellow	3	50

64. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 20, T. 22 S., R. 19 W. Surface altitude, 2,119.6 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, silty, brown to dark tan	3	3
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, tan; contains numerous fossil shells	4	7
		Clay, silty, tan and gray	3	10
		Clay, silty, tan	10	20
		Clay, silty; contains minor fine grains of quartz; light brown to tan	10	30
		Clay, silty, tan	14	44
		Clay, silty; contains minor yellow limonitic stains and fine grains of quartz; tan	6	50
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty; contains yellow limonitic stains giving the unit a mottled appearance	3	53

65. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 19 W. Surface altitude, 2,154.3 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil, silty, brown	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, tan	5	7
		Clay, silty, brown	4	11
		Clay, silty; contains a few fragments of mica and particles of caliche; tan	9	20
		Clay, silty, tan	10	30
		Clay, silty, buff	20	50
		Clay, silty; contains medium-grained sand and minor fragments of caliche; tan	7	57
		Silt and gravel, fine to coarse; contains caliche and many fragments of ironstone having the appearance of limonite; tan	3	60
		Silt and sand, medium to coarse, tan; contains a few fragments of fossil shells	5	65
		Clay, silty, and medium to coarse sand; contains yellow limonitic stains throughout; tan and yellow	5	70
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty. Red oxidized areas give unit a mottled red and tan appearance	3	73

66. Sample log of test hole at the SW cor. sec. 3, T. 22 S., R. 20 W. Surface altitude, 2,164.7 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill and soil, silty, gray to dark brown	4	4
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, tan gray	2	6
		Clay, silty; contains some fine-grained sand; brown	4	10
		Clay, silty, buff	15	25
		Clay, silty; contains some fine-grained sand; tan gray,	3.5	28.5
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, tan and yellow, with some red oxidized coloring	2.5	31

67. Sample log of test hole at the NE cor. sec. 4, T. 22, S., R. 20 W. Surface altitude, 2,143.0 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	1	1
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, tan and gray	3	4
		Clay, silty, brown and tan	6	10
		Clay, silty, tan	15	25
		Clay, silty; contains fine-grained sand and fine ironstone gravel; tan and rust red	1	26
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Sandstone, fine-grained; contains silt and fine fragments of reddish-brown to tan ironstone	2	28

68. Sample log of test hole at the NW car sec. 13, T. 22 8., R. 20 W. Surface altitude, 2,183.0 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, tan and light gray	5	5
		Clay, silty, brown	1	6
		Clay, silty; contains tan caliche	6	12
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, yellow and tan	2	14

69. Sample log of test hole at the NE cor. sec. 28, T. 22 S., R. 20 W. Surface altitude, 2,103.1 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill and brown soil	4	4
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, tan to gray	6	10
		Clay, silty, tan	20	30
		Clay, silty; contains medium sand; tan	15	45
		Clay, silty, buff	9	54
		Clay, silty; contains fine to medium sand and caliche; tan	7	61
		Gravel, fine to coarse; contains silt and fine to medium sand; tan	6	67
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, mottled tan and red	3	70

70. Sample log of test hole at the SE cor. sec. 28, T. 22 S., R. 20 W. Surface altitude, 2,138.1 feet.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Road fill	3	3
Quaternary--Pleistocene
	Terrace deposits
		Clay, silty, brown	3	6
		Clay, silty, gray to brown	2	8
		Clay, silty, brown	2	10
		Clay, silty; contains fine sand; buff	10	20
		Clay, silty, buff	7	27
		Clay, silty; contains fine to medium sand; buff	9	36
		Clay, silty; contains fine to medium sand; buff to tan,	2	38
		Clay, silty; contains fine to medium sand; tan	15	53
		Clay, silty; contains fine to medium sand; yellow to buff	4	57
		Gravel, fine to medium; contains silt and fine to medium sand; tan	4	61
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Clay, silty, mottled red and tan	2	63

142. Driller's log of well 105 in the NW NE sec. 4, T. 22 S., R. 16 W.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Soil and fine sand	4	4
		Sand	4	8
		Gravel	3	11
		Sand	10	21
		Clay	.5	26
		Sand, fine	4	30
		Sand and gravel, coarse	6	36

143. Driller's log of test hole in the NE NW sec. 12, T. 22 S., R. 19 W. Drilled by Otis Shuck, 1940.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
		Soil	2	2
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Clay, yellow	28	30
		Sand	4	34
		Clay, gray	1	35
		Sand	5	40
		Clay, sandy, gray to black	1	41
		Silt, fine, sandy, gray to black	9	56
		Sand, fine to medium, gray	15	65
		Clay, gray to buff	10	75
		Sand, medium	5	80
		Gravel, coarse, Contains water-worn fragments of sandstone and limestone	28	108
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation
		Fire clay, streaked (probably varicolored clay)	1	109
		Sandstone, fine-grained, reddish brown	1	110

144. Driller's log of well 137 in the NE NE sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 18 W. Drilled by Otis Shuck, 1944.			Thickness, feet	Depth, feet
Quaternary--Pleistocene and Recent
	Alluvium
		Clay	30	30
		Sand	5	35
		Sand, coarse	13	48
		Clay	7	55
		Sand	3	58
		Clay	14	72
		Sand, coarse, yellow	4	76
		Sand. fine	4	80
		Sand, coarse, yellow	30	110
Cretaceous--Gulfian
	Dakota formation (?)
		Clay	10	120

T. 20 S. || T. 21 S. || T. 22 S. || T. 23 S. || T. 24 S. || T. 25 S. || T. 26 and 27 S.

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Kansas Geological Survey, Pawnee and Edwards Geology and Groundwater
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Web version June 2004. Original publication date March 1949.
URL=http://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/Geology/Pawnee/09_logs.html